![]() A stele from Tanis speaks of their having come "in their war-ships from the midst of the sea, and none were able to stand before them". Ramesses posted troops and ships at strategic points along the coast and patiently allowed the pirates to attack their perceived prey before skillfully catching them by surprise in a sea battle and capturing them all in a single action. The Sherden people probably came from the coast of Ionia, from southwest Anatolia or perhaps, also from the island of Sardinia. In his second year, Ramesses II decisively defeated the Sherden sea pirates who were wreaking havoc along Egypt's Mediterranean coast by attacking cargo-laden vessels travelling the sea routes to Egypt. During his reign, the Egyptian army is estimated to have totaled some 100,000 men: a formidable force that he used to strengthen Egyptian influence. Though the Battle of Kadesh often dominates the scholarly view of Ramesses II's military prowess and power, he nevertheless enjoyed more than a few outright victories over Egypt's enemies. He was also responsible for suppressing some Nubian revolts and carrying out a campaign in Libya. Military campaignsĮarly in his life, Ramesses II embarked on numerous campaigns to restore possession of previously held territories lost to the Nubians and Hittites and to secure Egypt's borders. Today, most Egyptologists believe that Ramesses formally assumed the throne on BC, based on his known accession date: III Season of the Harvest, day 27. Ramesses II was approximately fourteen years of age at the time. Ramesses II as a child embraced by Hauron ( Egyptian Museum, Cairo)Īfter Ramesses I died, his son, Seti I became king, who designated his son, Ramesses II, as Egypt's prince regent by his father. Ramesses was approximately eleven years old at the time of his father's accession. His grandfather, Ramesses I, was a civilian military officer during the reign of pharaoh Horemheb, who appointed Ramesses I as his successor. Ramesses' mummy is now on display at the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, located in the city of Cairo. Upon his death, he was buried in a tomb ( KV7) in the Valley of the Kings his body was later moved to the Royal Cache, where it was discovered by archaeologists in 1881. Įstimates of his age at death vary, though 90 or 91 is considered to be the most likely figure. He celebrated an unprecedented thirteen or fourteen Sed festivals-more than any other pharaoh. Ramesses led several military expeditions into the Levant, where he reasserted Egyptian control over Canaan and Phoenicia he also led a number of expeditions into Nubia, all commemorated in inscriptions at Beit el-Wali and Gerf Hussein. After establishing the city of Pi-Ramesses in the Nile Delta, he designated it as Egypt's new capital and used it as the main staging point for his campaigns in Syria. Ramesses was also referred to as the "Great Ancestor" by successor pharaohs and the Egyptian people.įor the early part of his reign, he focused on building cities, temples, and monuments. In ancient Greek sources, he is called Ozymandias, derived from the first part of his Egyptian-language regnal name: Usermaatre Setepenre. He is also widely considered one of ancient Egypt's most successful warrior pharaohs, conducting no fewer than 15 military campaigns, all resulting in victories, excluding the Battle of Kadesh, generally considered a stalemate. ![]() ![]() Along with Thutmose III of the Eighteenth Dynasty, he is often regarded as the greatest, most celebrated, and most powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom, which itself was the most powerful period of ancient Egypt. He was the third ruler of the Nineteenth Dynasty. 1303 BC – 1213 BC), commonly known as Ramesses the Great, was an Egyptian pharaoh. Ramesses II ( / ˈ r æ m ə s iː z, ˈ r æ m s iː z, ˈ r æ m z iː z/ Ancient Egyptian: rꜥ-ms-sw, Rīꜥa-masē-sə, Semitic pronunciation: c. Nefertari, Isetnofret, Maathorneferure, Meritamen, Bintanath, Nebettawy, HenutmireĨ8–103 ( List of children of Ramesses II)Ību Simbel, Abydos, Ramesseum, Luxor, Karnak "Ramesses (Re is the one who bore him), beloved of Amun" "The justice of Rê is powerful – chosen of Rê" "Protector of Egypt who curbs foreign lands" "The strong bull, beloved of right (truth)" ![]()
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